Publication

This paper discusses the history and effectiveness of using sanctions as a US foreign policy tool. The authors first examine how the rise of smart sanctions - sanctions that target individuals and enterprises rather than entire economic sectors – has increased the popularity of sanctions as a tool for US policymakers. They then identify ways the US can keep sanctions effective, including 1) not overusing them; 2) using international coalitions to implement them; and 3) having a well-designed exit strategy. The authors also explore potential effects of the sanctions imposed against Russia as a reaction to its role in the 2014 Ukraine crisis.