Publication

Feb 2008

This report reviews and assesses the trajectories of African states toward, or away, from increased institutionalization of democratic processes and practices. It looks at the state of democracy in Africa and the persistence of "imperial presidencies" on the continent. The report also looks at the role of the international community in promoting and encouraging political reform and democratic strengthening in Africa. Despite the uneven course of democratization and development in sub-Saharan Africa, many actors and processes have now emerged that, accompanied by a smarter use of external assistance, can catalyze the long-promised African renaissance.

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Author Larry Diamond, Joel D Barkan, Dorina A Bekoe, Kojo Busia, Abdalla Hamdok, Jeffrey Herbst, Peter Lewis, Muna Ndulo, Kwasi Prempeh, Richard Joseph, Roberta Buffett
Series US National Intelligence Estimates
Publisher National Intelligence Council (NIC)
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