Publication

This study focuses on the history and status on the former Soviet biological weapons research, production and testing sites in Kazakhstan. The study was made possible by the Kazakhstani government providing free access to information on former Soviet facilities in its territory. This study also offers a window to the nature and scope of the Soviet biological warfare program. Such a program was conducted by the former Soviet Union from 1972 onwards, in violation of the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.