Video in teaching

Enlarged view: titelbild_video_in_Lehre — Photos: Pascal Schmidt, LET, ETH Zurich, Labs at PSI

Video is increasingly one of the most popular media formats on the internet, and is becoming more and more important at universities. Below are the main reasons why videos are so effective and engaging in teaching.

Moving pictures and audio deliver a quicker overview of a theme than do text and images alone. This provides a sense of security.
Viewers’ emotions are engaged by the speaker’s gestures and voice. They are brought closer to the action – an important factor in learning – by this personalised exchange.
Content can be broken down into small chunks. These “learning nuggets” are popular.
Familiar situations verify authentic relevance and foster learning.
Viewers can determine the learning tempo, e.g. by taking breaks or rewinding.

The following eight scenarios benefit particularly from the specific advantages of video in training and continuing education (before, during and after a course).

1. Personalising and cooperation
Videos foster a culture of cooperation between instructors and students.

2. Access to people and special locations
People from all over the world may appear. Difficult-to-reach or dangerous places can be experienced realistically, providing stimuli.

3. Manipulate time and space
Certain phenomena can only be experienced through virtual slow-motion or enlargement, e.g. lightning or biological micro-processes.

4. Story-telling
Stories told with enthusiasm awaken emotions and usually have positive effects on learning and memory. Existing videos on the internet can also be used here.

5. Historical film material
Sometimes historical comparisons are useful in teaching. Original footage is ideal for depicting past events or situations.

6. Demonstrations
Experiments, demonstrations and psychomotor skills can often be shown more concretely with video than with other media.

7. Counteracting of misconceptions
Misconceptions can be effectively laid to rest in video demonstrations. Videos show unequivocally that certain assumptions cannot possibly be right. Video clips of experiments demonstrate the incompatibility of existing misconceptions and concepts which are actually correct.

8. Explanatory videos: Content and animations
Combining step-by-step explanation of content with graphic elements helps to clarify interconnections and modes of operation.

At ETH various forms of video production (see below) are available for creating the various types of video shown above.

Teaching videos should fulfil the following criteria:

Structure

Content is well-structured (introduction, examples, conclusion)
Videos are expediently embedded in the course (clear relation to learning objectives)
Short videos of 2-4 minutes, and no longer than 6 minutes, are preferable (recommendation)
Uses playlists as orientation aids (length, short description)
Adaption to student needs
Linked to the previous knowledge of the target group (cite references)
Intelligible to the target group (language and content)
Deploys authentic examples appropriate to the target group
Lecturers act genuine in the video and show real interest in the material. Any verbal errors are trivial.

Activating students

Include activation tasks (e.g. interposed questions or final quizzes)
Foster contact with students (e.g. with invitations to reflect)
Content is linked with concepts, examples, analogies, consolidation material etc.
Good media didactics
The strengths of the video medium are consciously deployed (see 8 ideal scenarios). Content is covered and learning objectives are reached better via video than via other media (text, images, live presentations).
The design methods selected expedite content and learning objectives.
Use of visual and audio channels is optimal (complementary). The working memory is not overburdened (appropriate density of information, built-in breaks).

ID Multimedia Production and Distribution is responsible for alltechnical aspects (images, audio, light).
LET (Educational Development and Technology) provides assistance with the design of video content and the didactic concept.

Download Criteria checklist in PDF form (PDF, 20 KB)

In front of the camera: Checklist

Clearly structured content, carefully planned message and the right language are essential for every video recording. It is estimated, however, that around 75% of how a video is received depends on outside influences. This Download checklist on camera (PDF, 25 KB) will help you to avoid mistakes in this area and improve your recording.

For further information on didactic design of teaching videos, with ETH examples, see “Videos in Teaching” on the Refresh-Teaching website.

At ETH there are three ways to produce teaching videos, ranging from a high-end studio to do-it-yourself variations using borrowed equipment. Depending on the situation, teaching videos are then published in a Moodle course, a MOOC or otherwise.

Video studioin the ETH Main Building and professional video production outside the video studio
Do-it-yourself according to a manual in the ETH Main Building
Do-it-yourself according to Download criteria (PDF, 20 KB) for teaching videos – the quality of audio and light must in particular be guaranteed.
For the upload and distribution of instructional videos within moodle courses, please use currently polybox
Create Video-Link: How-to video
Embed Video-Link in Moodle Course: How-to video

Contact

Thomas Korner

Lecturer at the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering

Abt. für Lehre und Lernen
Haldenbachstr. 44
8092 Zürich
Switzerland